Orthoptera and Mantodea assemblages of East Carpathian Mts (Central Europe)
Orthoptera and Mantodea assemblages of East Carpathian Mts (Central Europe)
Benjamín Jarčuška, Peter Kaňuch & Anton Krištín
Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, SK–960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; benjamin.jarcuska@gmail.com
Abstract
A survey of diversity and composition of orthopterans and mantids was conducted in 56 sites of north-eastern Slovakia, five sites in south-eastern Poland and four sites in Polish-Slovak borderline from 2007 to 2015. Material was collected by sweeping herb and shrub layer and beating of lower part of tree vegetation and supplemented with individual collection of specimens. In the area we found 55 Orthoptera and one Mantodea species. The most frequent species were Chorthippus parallelus, Metrioptera roeselii and Pholidoptera griseoaptera. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed that there was continuous variation in sampled species assemblages. Thus, it was not possible to define distinct types of orthopteran assemblages in the data set. Species turnover among sites (beta diversity) was smaller for Caelifera species than for Ensifera species. Three species of European importance (Isophya stysi, Pholidoptera transsylvanica and Odontopodisma rubripes) were also found. Distributional patterns and ecology of three Habitats Directive species, four endemics and 11 other zoogeographically important species are discussed.
Key words
Mantodea, Orthoptera, East Carpathians
Jarčuška B, Kaňuch P & Krištín A, 2015: Orthoptera and Mantodea assemblages of East Carpathian Mts (Central Europe). Folia faunistica Slovaca, 20: 167–182.
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Received 27 November 2015 ~ Accepted 15 December 2015 ~ Published 30 December 2015
© Faunima Bratislava 2015 ~ e–ISSN 1336–4529 ~ DOI ffs.2015.20.21
Introduction
There are many areas in Eastern and Central Europe serving as sites of community interest for insect biodiversity and gene pool conservation. East Carpathians covers several such areas, considering high species diversity, not only in Orthopterans (Kadlečík 2014). This area stretches in four countries: Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine and Romania. Orthopteran and mantid assemblages were studied there with different effort, e.g. in Poland was described endemic species Isophya posthumoidalis (Bazyluk 1971) and there were published some faunistic notes from Bieszczady Mts and adjacent territories (Bazyluk & Liana 2000, Theuerkauf et al. 2005, Liana 2011). In Slovakia, there are known more data from National Park Poloniny (Čejchan 1958, 1963, 1989, Kočárek & Jeziorski 1999, Krištín & Mihál 2000, Gavlas 2004) and Laborecká vrchovina Hills (Gavlas 2005a) while the least known area is Carpathian part of Ukraine (Likovitch 1959, Storozhenko & Gorochov 1992, Krištín & Iorgu 2014). Distributional patterns in particular orthopteran species show rather big gaps and our knowledge about the area of occurrence is poor even in endemic species or subspecies (e.g. Isophya posthumoidalis, Poecilimon schmidti, Leptophyes discoidalis, Miramella ebneri carpathica) as well as in species listed in the Habitats Directive (e.g. Isophya stysi, Philodoptera transsylvanica, Odontopodisma rubripes) (Gavlas 2004, Kaňuch et al. 2006, Krištín & Kaňuch 2013).
Hence, in this paper we aimed on 1) diversity of Orthoptera and Mantodea assemblages in 65 sites in Slovak and Polish East Carpathians along altitudinal gradient ranging from 185 to 1100 m a. s. l. and on 2) data about ecology and occurrence of endemic species and species of European importance which reach the northern border of their distribution in the study area.
Material and Methods
Sampling
Orthoptera and Mantodea species survey concerning the assemblage structure was carried out in June – August in 2007–2015 in Slovakia and in August 2015 in Poland and Polish-Slovak borderline. The material was sampled mostly by sweeping herb and shrub vegetation (ca. 2000 sweeps per site). This method was supplemented with acoustical identification, beating from lower part of trees and shrubs and individual collection of specimens. We spent at least two hours of collection at each site. Abundance of individual species on the studied sites was expressed by using the following classification scale: 1 – very rare (less than 3 adult specimens), 2 – rare (3–10 specimens), 3 – abundant (11–100 specimens), 4 – very abundant (more than 100 specimens). Relative semi-quantitative values of abundance listed in the results represent the highest recorded values of the adults corresponding to one locality (Table 2a, 2b).
The material was identified directly in the field; difficult-to-identify individuals were fixed using 75% ethanol and determined in the lab using identification keys (Harz 1969, 1975, Heller et al. 2004). The system and the nomenclature was used according to Kočárek et al. (2005), the geographical data about the origin and distribution follow the work by Ingrisch & Köhler (1998), Harz (1969, 1975) and Rácz (1998).
Study area and sites
Orthoptera and Mantodea were mapped and collected in the area of NE Slovakia (56 sites), SE Poland (5 sites) and Polish-Slovak borderline (4 sites), 48.87 – 49.38° N, 21.41 – 22.54° E. The altitude of study sites located in a mountainous landscape ranged from 185 m to 1100 m a. s. l. (Fig. 1).
Description of the sampled sites (sites are numbered longitudinally from west to east, see Fig. 1., PL – Polish site, PL/SK – site located in both sides of borderline).
1 Nižná Polianka (49.40697° N, 21.4109° E, 410 m a. s. l.): Nature Reserve Pod Beskydom – mesic grassland with moorbogs and edges of beech forest with scattered shrub vegetation, N of village, 2 ha;
2 Dubinné (49.24381° N, 21.44446° E, 226 m a. s. l.): mostly xeric grasslands with alluvial shrub and tree vegetation along the banks of creek Cerninka, SE of village Dubinné, 2 ha;
3 Šarbov (49.43048° N, 21.62503° E, 485 m a. s. l.): mesic mown and unmown meadows on SE slopes in ski area, NW of the village, 2 ha;
4 Vyšná Pisaná (49.40692° N, 21.62966° E, 420 m a. s. l.): wetland and unmown wet meadow with scattered shrub vegetation on S slopes, N of village, 1 ha;
5 Ladomírová (49.33793° N, 21.63766° E, 270 m a. s. l.): river gravel bars in various stages of succession, edge of willow riparian forest with ruderal vegetation, N from village Ladomírová, 1 ha;
6 Korejovce (49.3823° N, 21.64251° E, 350 m a. s. l.): mezic grasslands (mown and unmown meadows) with linear shrub and tree vegetation along the creek, NE of village, 1 ha;
7 Mrázovce (49.11779° N, 21.67053° E, 270 m a. s. l.): mezic grasslands and edges of beech forest with rich shrub vegetation, 1ha;
8 Krajná Bystrá (49.39122° N, 21.67383° E, 430 m a. s. l.): unmown and mown hygric and mesic meadows, mesic and xeric intensive pasture with shrubs and edges of mixed forest, 4 ha;
9 Dukla (49.41557° N, 21.69961° E, 500 m a. s. l.): mesic grasslands with edges of mixed beech and coniferous forest cca 500 m SE of Polish Slovak border point, 1 ha;
10 Tokajík (49.11678° N, 21.70066° E, 270 m a. s. l.): mesic meadows and edges of mixed spruce – beech forest with forest clearings and rich shrub vegetation, 1 ha;
11 Miroľa – slatina (49.33362° N, 21.728° E, 410 m a. s. l.): Nature reserve, wet meadows and bog with scattered shrubs and trees, NE of village, 1 ha;
12 Miroľa (49.32517° N, 21.73584° E, 400 m a. s. l.): unmanaged mesic grasslands with high cover of scattered shrubs and mixed forest edges on W and S slopes, 2 ha;
13 Pstriná (49.31268° N, 21.74765° E, 370 m a. s. l.): mesic pastures and meadows with high cover of juniper (Juniperus communis) and Rubus fruticosus on SW slopes, E of village;
14 Vladiča (49.28939° N, 21.76934° E, 310 m a. s. l.): wet meadows and grasslands with fragmented bogs and scatterd riparian shrub and tree vegetation along the creek Chotčianka, 1 ha;
15 Driečna (49.3251° N, 21.79855° E, 430 m a. s. l.): unmanaged mesic and xeric grasslands with shrubs and broadleaved forest edges, SE slope, 5 ha;
16 Čertižné (49.36026° N, 21.82271° E, 500 m a. s. l.): mesic pasture partially covered with shrubs, mixed forest edges, SW slope, 5 ha;
17 Brekov – west (48.9030° N, 21.83061° E, 230 m a. s. l.): mown and unmown mesic grasslands with high cover of tall herbs and shrubs, 2.5 ha, W slope;
18 Brekov – east (48.90246° N, 21.83426° E, 225 m a. s. l.): unmanaged xeric grasslands with high cover of shrubs, small rocky outcrops, 4 ha, E slope;
19 Čertižné – Mokré lúky (49.34326° N, 21.83876 E, 420 m a. s. l.): unmanaged hygric meadow with tall herb vegetation and willow shrubs, 0.5 ha;
20 Laborec (Čertižné) (49.34197° N, 21.83911° E, 410 m a. s. l.): tall herb vegetation, small patch of river gravel bar, edge of riparian willow forest, shrubs, 2 ha;
21 Laborec (Habura) (49.33501 N, 21.85331 E, 400 m a. s. l.): tall herb vegetation, small river gravel bars in various stages of succession, edge of riparian willow forest and willow shrubs, 2 ha;
22 Humenský sokol – Červená skala (48.9065° N, 21.92425° E, 440 m a. s. l.): grassy and herb vegetation in sparse broadleaved woodland with small rocky outcrops on the top of the hill, E and W slope, 0.5 ha;
23 Humenský sokol – Podskalka (48.91371° N, 21.92995° E, 185 m a. s. l.): mown mesic meadow with broadleaved forest edge, E slope, 0.5 ha;
24 Humenský sokol – Skalka (48.89298° N, 21.93223° E, 280 m a. s. l.): xeric and mesic unmanaged grasslands with shrubs and mixed forest, W, S and E slope, 10 ha;
25 Chlmec (48.877046° N, 21.947664° E, 250 m a. s. l.): wetland, wet meadows and hygric grasslands with scattered riparian broadleaved tree vegetation and herb vegetation along the creek, 1 ha;
26 Čabalovce I (49.2360° N, 21.95558° E, 410 m a. s. l.): mown and unmown mesic grasslands, SW slope, 1 ha;
27 Čabalovce II (49.23432° N, 21.96159° E, 490 m a. s. l.): unmanaged mesic and xeric pasture with sparse shrub vegetation and mixed forest edge, E slope, 3 ha;
28 Palota (49.27871° N, 21.98367° E, 470 m a. s. l.): mesic mown and umown meadow with edges of mixed beech pine forest with small clearings in the valley, W of village, 1 ha;
29 Výrava – VN Zbojné (49.15374° N, 22.00896° E, 290 m a. s. l.): managed and unmanaged grassy and tall herb vegetation on banks of water reservoir, 0.5 ha;
30 Výrava (49.18237° N, 22.01321° E, 340 m a. s. l.): tall herb vegetation, ruderal vegetation, mown grasslands, riparian forest edges, 1 ha;
31 Laborecký priesmyk – east (PL) (49.2904° N, 22.01862° E, 660 m a. s. l.): edge of mixed forests (beech, pine, spruce) with open clearcut and mezic grassland and ruderal herbal and shrub vegetation (150×50 m), located on Polish side of area cca 2 km SW of Polish village Radoszyce and cca 500 m from Polish-Slovak border point, 2 ha;
32 Svetlice – Čiastky (49.1806° N, 22.02261° E, 360 m a. s. l.): extensive mesic pasture with dispersed shrubs and trees broadleaved forest edge, S slope, 5 ha;
33 Oľšinkov (49.20343° N, 22.03644° E, 480 m a. s. l.): unmanaged grassy and tall herb vegetation with shrubs and tree vegetation, S slope, 1 ha;
34 Udava – Iľovnica I (49.02458° N, 22.04248° E, 210 m a. s. l.): river gravel bars in various stages of succession, edge of willow riparian forest, 1 ha;
35 Udava – Iľovnica II (49.0266° N, 22.04377° E, 210 m a. s. l.): mown mesic meadows with tall herb vegetation on edges, broadleved forest edges, 1 ha;
36 Svetlica (49.1857° N, 22.04604° E, 370 m a. s. l.): managed grassland, shrubs and mixed tree forest edge, 2 ha;
37 Lázky I (49.17255° N, 22.06012° E, 400 m a. s. l.): unmanaged hygric meadow with mixed forest edge, E slope, 1 ha;
38 Lázky II (49.17207° N, 22.06124° E, 380 m a. s. l.): mown mesic meadow with edges of shrub stands and mixed forest, E slope, 2 ha;
39 Svetlice – Ščob (49.15809° N, 22.0696° E, 450 m a. s. l.): mown mesic meadow with patches of broadleaved tree vegetation and patches of unmown plots on S slope, 1 ha;
40 Rieka (49.14033° N, 22.09471° E, 340 m a. s. l.): unmanaged mesic tall herb vegetation along riparian willow forest, unmanaged mesic-xeric grassland with shruby and tree vegetation on edges, 2 ha;
41 Vyšná Jablonka (49.15774° N, 22.09693° E, 450 m a. s. l.): abandoned xeric pastures with high cover of dispersed shrub and tree vegetation, E, SW and S slope, 7 ha;
42 Vihorlat (48.89118° N, 22.11411° E, 1060 m a. s. l.): unmanaged mesic grassland with tall herb vegetation and broadleaved forest edge, S slope, 2 ha;
43 Hostovické lúky (49.12966 N, 22.11574 E, 325 m a. s. l.): unmanaged hygric tall herb vegetation, mown hygric and mesic grassland, 3 ha;
44 Motrogon (48.90083° N, 22.15968° E, 880 m a. s. l.): cutted plots in broadleaved forest with dense blackberry, tall herb and woody vegetation, E slope, 4 ha;
45 Morské oko (48.91234° N, 22.20942° E, 660 m a. s. l.): unmanaged and mown mesic meadows with edges of mixed forest, edges of forest road with tall herb vegetation, 3 ha;
46 Zubracze (PL) (49.20773° N, 22.26451° E, 640 m a. s. l.): wetland, wet mown and unmown meadows along the creek Solinka, W of the village, 2 ha;
47 Liszna – pond (PL) (49.19517° N, 22.30769° E, 600 m a. s. l.): mesic grasslands on the banks of small lake/pond with riparian vegetation along, 1 ha;
48 Roztoky Górne (PL) (49.19517° N, 22.30769° N, 690 m a. s. l.): mesic grassland with scattered shrubs and riparian vegetation along the creek Ksenia an edges of beech forest S of settlement, 1 ha;
49 Liszna – (PL) (49.1765° N, 22.31806° E, 640 m a. s. l.): mesic meadow with patchy wet depressions and riparian vegetation along the Roztoczka creek and bare ground on denuded plot (80 × 40 m) after wood storage on the edge of mixed forest, 1 ha;
50 Ruské sedlo saddle (PL/SK) (49.14383° N, 22.33024° E, 803 m a. s. l.): mountain meadows around the border point and edges of beech forest with rich ecotonal shrub vegetation, 1 ha;
51 Ruské sever (49.13241° N, 22.33281° E, 690 m a. s. l.): mesic mountain grasslands with Vaccinium myrtillus fields with scattered shrubs and trees within predominantly beech forests, 2 ha;
52 Ruské sedlo saddle – east (PL/SK) (49.14613° N, 22.34255° E, 910 m a. s. l.): beech forest along Polish-Slovak borderline (around border point stone No. 32/7) and clearings with scattered forest undergrowth (Rubus spp., Coryllus avellana), 0.6 ha (transect 300 × 20 m);
53 Ruské (49.1155° N, 22.34483° E, 500 m a. s. l.): abandoned pastures and grasslands around the former village Ruské with edges of mixed and beech forests, 1 ha;
54 Okrúhliak / Okraglik – west (PL/SK) (49.14498° N, 22.35702° E, 940 m a. s. l.): large mountain meadow (cca 4.5 ha) with rich herbal vegetation (large islands of Vaccinium myrtillus growths) in complexes of beech forests and edges of beech forests in main mountain ridge of Eastern Carpathian Mts.on both sides in Polish and Slovak side of borderline, 3 ha;
55 Okrúhliak/Okraglik: (PL/SK) (49.14686° N, 22.36603° E, 1100 m a. s. l.): small clearings and edges of large beech forests with scattered shrub layer (Rubus, Coryllus, Fagus) in undergrowth, 0.5 ha
56 Ruské East (49.11314° N, 22.36766° E, 580 m a. s. l.): wet meadows (1 ha) within beech and mixed forest with the forest edges, cca 800 m E of the former village Ruské, 1 ha;
57 Ruská Volová I (48.95857 N, 22.3747 E, 305 m a. s. l.): open forest road (400×15 m) in beech forest with linear herbal layer and shrubs (mostly Coryllus avellana and Rubus idaeus) and young beech along the forest edge, 0.6 ha;
58 Zálom saddle (49.09797° N, 22.37658° E, 600 m a. s. l.): abandoned wood-yard with sparse herbal and grassy vegetation and edges of beech forest with undergrowth, 0.5 ha;
59 Smrekovica (49.08487° N, 22.38285° E, 510 m a. s. l.): mesic forest meadow with fragmented wet depressions, scattered shrub vegetation and edges of beech forest, 0.6 ha;
60 Ruská Volová II (48.96071° N, 22.38714° E, 400 m a. s. l.): mezic forest unmown meadow with dense herbal vegetation (e.g. Salvia glutinosa) and sparse shrubs with beech forest edge, 0.5 ha;
61 Brezovec saddle (48.94825° N, 22.39873° E, 470 m a. s. l.): forest meadow and clearings with xeric denudated and erosed S slopes along the forest road in the saddle between Ruská Volová and Ulič, 0.6 ha;
62 Holica (48.95378° N, 22.39976° E, 530 m a. s. l.): top part of the large mountain meadow (2.25 ha) on the ridge of Nastaz Mts. with mown and unmown grasslands and edges of beech forests, ca 2 km SW of Ulič village, 2 ha;
63 Ruský Potok (49.03392° N, 22.41228° E, 480 m a. s. l.): unmanaged grasslands with dispersed shrubs, edges of shrub stands, S and W exposition, 5 ha;
64 Pod Stinskou (49.00352° N, 22.48408° E, 580 m a. s. l.): mown grasslands, broadleaved forest edges with blackberry, 2 ha;
65 Stužica (49.07352° N, 22.54178° E, 700 m a. s. l.): unmanaged meadows with diverse herbal and shrub layer and forest edges within mixed forests with dominant beech, 0.8 ha.
Data analysis
Variability in species composition was explored by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). In DCA, indirect gradient analysis, community samples are arranged in multidimensional space based on their taxonomical composition. Canoco for Windows, version 4.5 (ter Braak & Šmilauer 2002), was used for the analysis by using options default for DCA (detrending by segments, without down-weighting of rare species). No transformation of species data was made, due to log-like nature of the ordinal scale used for assessing species abundance. Three habitat types (hygric, mesic and xeric) and altitude were used as so called supplementary environmental data in the analysis (i.e., they are not influencing species and samples ordination, but they are projected afterwards to the ordination diagram (Lepš & Šmilauer 2003). (Sites number 2, 8, 15, 18, 24, 27, 39, 41 and 61 were assigned as xeric, sites 4, 11, 14, 19, 25, 29, 37, 43 and 46 as hygric in the analyses. Other sites were mesic. See description of sites above.) We performed three separate DCAs differing in analysed species pool: with all sampled species, with species of suborder Ensifera and order Mantodea and with species belonging to suborder Caelifera.
Results and discussion
Structure of assemblages
Altogether 55 Orthoptera (25 Ensifera and 30 Caelifera species) and one mantid species were found in 65 studied sites in NE Slovakia and SE Poland (Table 2a, 2b). Altogether 54 orthopteran species found in Slovak sites represent 43.6% of Slovak orthopteran fauna (Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). In 9 Polish sites we found there altogether 24 species, which represent ca. 29.3% of the Polish orthopteran species (Bazyluk & Liana 2000). As we expected, species composition of Orthoptera has shown significant differences between Slovak and Polish sites. These differences are caused not only due to higher number of sites in Slovakia and lower sampling effort in the Poland (see Methods), but also because of the higher variability and more diversified habitats for Orthoptera in Slovakia (wetlands, xerotherm habitats). In Poland are still missing such SE European species as Odontopodisma rubripes, Pholidoptera transsylvanica, Leptophyes discoidalis, Phaneroptera nana (Bazyluk & Liana 2000) which were characteristic in some of studied Slovak sites.
Among all found species, there were 13 (VU 1, NT 6, LC 4, DD 2) from 37 species listed in the National Carpathian Red List in Slovakia, and 7 (NT 3, DD 4) from 12 listed in National Carpathian Red List in Poland and 13 (NT 2, LC 9, DD 2) from 61 species listed in general Carpathian Red List (Krištín & Iorgu 2014). There were found also three species of European importance (Annex II of the Habitats Directive; Council Directive 92/43/EEC 1992, Consolidated version January 1, 2007) – Isophya stysi, Pholidoptera transsylvanica and Odontopodisma rubripes.
In average, 14.6 (SD = ±5.1) species was found per site, ranging from 3 to 28. The richest in the species were structurally heterogeneous sites – i.e. grassland with shrubs, (soft) forest edges, sites with mosaic of different habitat patches (managed/unmanaged, xeric/mesic/hygric); the poorest ones were sites with dominating woody plants, tall herbs, and/or homogenous in structure. Most frequent species were Chorthippus parallelus (95.4%), Metrioptera roeselii (89.2%) and Pholidoptera griseoaptera (87.7%), which are typical in Central European mountain areas (Likovitch 1959, Liana 2011, Rácz 1998, Krištín & Hrúz 2005). High frequency (>70%) reached e.g. bushy species Phaneroptera falcata and Leptophyes albovittata. Twelve species (Ensifera 7, Caelifera 5) occurred on more than 50% of sites (Table 2a, 2b); 24 species were found on less than 10% of sites (i.e. ≤ 5), of them six Caelifera species were registered only on one site (Tetrix tuerki, Tetrix undulata, Chorthippus mollis, C. oschei, C. pullus, C. vagans).
In the study area, Gavlas (2005a) had found 39 species in 12 sites mainly in Laborecká vrchovina Hills. Krištín & Mihál (2000) had found 41 species in 23 sites and Gavlas (2004) had found 28 species in 8 sites in the National park Poloniny. Except house cricket Acheta domestica, a synanthropic and introduced species, all previously recorded species we found in the Slovak part of study area. On the Polish part, there were found altogether 41 species. Of them 35 species by Theuerkauf et al. (2005) in 36 sites and another six species by Bazyluk (1971). Comparing with known data, our study found altogether 13 species for the first time in the Slovak part of the study area and species Poecilimon schmidti is the first record for Poland (Krištín et al. in prep.; Table 2a, 2b).
Frequency of species’ occurrence within sites is reflected in distribution of samples in ordination space (Fig. 2, 3), which suggests that there is continuous variation in species assemblages in whole dataset or separately in Ensifera and Mantodea, and Caelifera species, respectively. Thus, it is not possible to define distinct types of orthopteran assemblages in our data. Species turnover among sites (beta diversity) was smaller for Caelifera species than for Ensifera species – most of sites were placed in a single cluster in DCA-plot (Fig. 3). The most obvious exceptions for Ensifera species are sites Vihorlat (site no. 42), Motrogon (44) and Morské oko (45), the only sites where Pholidoptera transsylvanica was found; and for Caelifera species sites with river gravel bars Ladomírová (5), as specific habitat, where only three species of this suborder was found, and site Udava – Iľovnica I (34), where Tetrix tuerki was most abundant groundhopper species.
First two ordination gradients in DCA explained larger percentage of species variability in Ensifera and Mantodea than in Caelifera (Table 1, Fig. 2). Similar – yet more pronounced – pattern was observed for species-environment relationship. First axis is positively correlated with altitude of sites. The position of individual species within the diagram supports this interpretation: Omocestus viridulus and Chorthippus montanus was more common in higher altitudes, while e.g. Stenobothrus nigromaculatus, Platycleis grisea, Phaneroptera nana and Leptophyes discoidalis in lower altitudes (Fig. 2). Categorical variable habitat type was weakly correlated with both axes.
Notes on ecology and distribution of some rare species
Species of Habitats Directive
Isophya stysi: This herbicolous and thamnobiont Carpathian species of European importance (Annex II) is one of the characteristic Ensifera species in the study area. It was found at 30 studied sites (46%), mostly in deciduous forest ecotones of xerotherm forest steppes between 225 (site 18) and 690 m a. s. l. (site 51). In these sites also some zoogeographically important thamnobiont species were also found, such as Leptophyes discoidalis, Phaneroptera nana, Ruspolia nitidula, Pholidoptera transsylvanica, Odontopodisma rubripes. None of these species was found on the Polish part. The finding near the village Čertižné (site 16) is an extreme NW site of occurrence of this species in the entire area of this species (Kaňuch et al. 2006).
Pholidoptera transsylvanica: A species of European importance (Annex II) with paleoegeic and Ponto-Mediterranean origin, exhibiting endemic distribution in south-eastern Europe (Krištín & Kaňuch 2013). The centre of its distribution area is in the Carpathian Mountains in Romania (Iorgu et al. 2008) and Ukraine (Storozhenko & Gorochov 1992), and marginally in Hungary (Jordán et al. 2003) and Serbia (Heller 2011). The northernmost occurrence was recorded in Slovakia (Čejchan 1989, Gavlas 2005, Krištín & Kaňuch 2013). The occurrence in Slovakia suggests occurrence in SE Poland, nevertheless, the species has not been identified in this country until recently (Theuerkauf et al. 2005, this study). In study area we found it at three sites (4.6%), never together with congeneric and cryptic species Pholidoptera aptera. The species is classified as a mesophilous, sylvicolous, arbusticolous, chorthobiont with fairly broad ecological valence (Rácz 1998, Jordán et al. 2003). In Slovakia it occurs as geobiont and thamnobiont, especially in understory and herb layer in three habitat types: ecotones of beech (79%) and oak forests (14%) and open oak forests on limestone (7%), mainly in Corno-Quercetum pubescentis-Petraeae association (Krištín & Kaňuch 2013).
Odontopodisma rubripes: It is an arbusticol thamnobiont species of European importance (Annex II) feeding mostly on shrubs (Rácz 1998). In Slovakia it occurs primarily in shrub understory dominated by Rubus fruticosus and Rubus caesius, in lowlands also Clematis vitalba, Solidago canadensis, Humulus sp. at the edges and clearings in floodplain poplar-willow forests, oak and oak-hornbeam forests and beech forests (Krištín & Kaňuch 2013). We found it now only at one study site in well numbered population (>50 adults/ha in mid July) in margins of riparian forest along the Ptava creek S of village Chlmec (site 25 – the southernmost site in study area). It represents new the most north-western site in the entire area (Krištín & Kaňuch 2013).
East Carpathian Endemics
Poecilimon schmidti: This Pontic, mostly sylvicol and arbusticol species (Rácz 1998) we found unexpectedly frequently (30.8%), both in Slovak (31.7% of Slovak sites) and Polish sites (33.3% of Polish sites). It is the first record of this species from entire Poland (compare Bazyluk & Liana 2000, Krištín & Iorgu 2014, Krištín et al. in prep.). Hence, the northern limit of its distribution is known now from Polish-Slovak borderland in East Carpathian area, where the species has not been found till the present study (cf. Krištín et al. in prep.). Nowadays, in Slovakia it is known from 53 sites in open forests and forest ecotones, eastward from 21.19079° E. The abundance of this brachypterous species in particular sites is not very high (1–8 adult specimens/site), the species is living on bushy vegetation along the forest edges. It can be found from end of May (26. 5. 2013, 8 nymphs, site 45) till end of August (1 female, site 17). We found this species in assemblage of some another rare species and zoogeographically interesting species, e.g. Isophya posthumoidalis, Isophya pienensis, Pholidoptera aptera (Slovak and Polish sites), Phaneroptera nana, Leptophyes discoidalis, Pholidoptera transsylvanica, Oecanthus pellucens (only in Slovak sites).
Isophya posthumoidalis: This brachypterous species was described in this area (Bazyluk 1971). In Slovakia the species was first recorded only in 1999 (Kočárek & Jeziorski 1999) and nowadays is distributed there in mountains of eastern Polish-Slovak borderland between 305 and 1100 m a. s. l. We found it there now at 11 studied sites (with frequency 17%).
Leptophyes discoidalis: Thamnobiont brachypterous species (NT in the National Carpathian Red List in Slovakia and DD in general Carpathian Red List, Krištín & Iorgu 2014). It is reaching its northern distribution limit in Europe in the study area, and was found in bushy vegetation along the riparian and other decidous forest edges only in five Slovak studied sites (Table 2a, 2b). In these habitats, the species occurred together with the species e.g. Isophya stysi, Isophya pienensis, Phaneroptera nana, P. schmidtii, Oecanthus pellucens and O. rubripes, indicating warmer sites. It is known nowadays in 16 sites in Slovakia.
Miramella ebneri: In the studied area was described subspecies Miramella ebneri carpathica (Čejchan 1958) and this subspecies is distributed on the territory of East Slovakia Carpathians between Ďurkovec Mt. (1190 m a. s. l.) over Riaba/Rabia skala (1168 m a. s. l.) till to Polish site Czolo (1157 m a. s. l.). It is distributed there in grasslands in narrow, nearly three kilometres long mountain ridge on both sites of the Slovak-Polish boundary line (Čejchan 1963, Bazyluk & Liana 2000), with some new sites found also further north from the main border mountain ridge (Theuerkauf et al. 2005). We did not confirm this species west of this known area, in mountain grasslands around Okružliak/Okraglik Mt.
Other zoogeographically interesting species
Phaneroptera nana: This circumediterranean and thermophilous and well flying species with tropic origin we found only in three sites (17, 18, 64) in xeric and mesic bushy habitats between 225 and 580 m a. s. l. It is reaching in the study area the most northern limit of its distribution till now. In Slovakia it is an abundant species, found on more than 50 sites, mostly in Pannonian part of Slovakia. It was not found yet in Poland (Bazyluk & Liana 2000, Krištín & Iorgu 2014).
Ruspolia nitidula: This species with paleotropic and Mediterranean origin reaches in the study area the most northern limit of its distribution till now. We found it at seven sites (10.8%), mostly in wet or mesic meadows and grasslands between 210 and 450 m a. s. l. In Slovakia it is common species, found cca on 164 sites of 119 squares of Slovak Databank (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). It was not found yet in Poland (Bazyluk & Liana 2000, Krištín & Iorgu 2014), but its distribution there in SE part of the country is highly expected.
Metrioptera brachyptera: This mostly mountaineous species with Euro Siberian distribution and angaric origin we found at seven studied sites (10.8%), both in Slovak and Polish sites mostly in wet mountain meadows and forest clearings between 360 and 700 m a. s. l. In Slovakia it is abundant species in mountains and mountain valleys, found in 24% of squares of the Slovak Databank of Fauna (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015).
Oecanthus pellucens: This palearctic and thermophilous species we found at six sites (9.2%), mostly in xeric or mesic bushy habitats between 185 and 880 m a. s. l. In Slovakia it is common species, found in xerotherm habitats not only in the entire Pannonian area and in more than 200 of 430 squares Slovak Databank (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). The species needs confirmation from Poland (Bazyluk & Liana 2000), because its distribution there in xeric habitats of SE part of the country is expected.
Tetrix tuerki: This Central and South European species with pontomediterranean origin we found only in one site, on river gravel bars of Udava river (210 m a. s. l.). It is species with specific habitat requirements, ripicol and hygrophil. In Slovakia was found only in gravel banks along the creeks and rivers of Northern part of the country in 10 of 430 squares Slovak Fauna Databank (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). The taxonomic position of the species with Tetrix wagai in Poland needs further data and explanation (Bazyluk & Liana 2000).
Calliptamus italicus: This Palearctic and xerothermophilous species with angaric origin we found only in three xeric and mesic sites, between 185 and 470 m a. s. l. The site Brezovec (470 m a. s. l.) in xeric clearing of the beech forest along the forest road in mountain saddle is the most northeastern site of its distribution in Slovakia. There were found more than 20 adult and several nymph specimens/200 m2 of short and sparse grassy vegetation (21. 7. 2015). It was found there in assemblage with e.g. Leptophyes albovitta, Poecilimon schmidti, Ruspolia nitidula, Oecanthus pellucens, etc. In Slovakia it is common and abundant species, found in xerotherm habitats not only in the entire Pannonian area and in 172 of 430 squares Slovak Databank (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). The species is not known from the Polish side of the study area, it is rare species in the country and actual data are needed (Bazyluk & Liana 2000).
Mecostethus parapleurus: This Euro Siberian and thermophilous well flying species with angaric origin we found at 12 sites (18.5%), mostly in wet or mesic meadows and grasslands between 305 and 950 m a. s. l. Only two adult individuals (one female, one male) we found in one Polish site (54, mountain meadows W of Okraglik Mt.). In Slovakia it is common species, found mostly in the entire eastern part of the country from Hungarian to Polish border, altogether in 48 squares of 430 Slovak Fauna Databank (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). It is rare species in Poland (Bazyluk & Liana 2000, Krištín & Iorgu 2014), but its distribution there in wet meadows and wetlands along the rivers in SE part of the country is expected.
Psophus stridulus: This mostly mountaineous species with Euro Siberian distribution and angaric origin we found at five studied sites (7.7%), only in Slovakia, mostly in (sub)xeric and mesic mountain grasslands and pastures only between 400 and 490 m a. s. l. In Slovakia it is till now common species in xeric and mesic mountain grasslands, found in 68 squares of 430 in Slovak Fauna Databank (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). Similarly, in Poland it is good indicator of well preserved xeric pastures, but showing population decline in lowland areas (Bazyluk & Liana 2000).
Stethophyma grossum: This European Siberian well flying species with angaric origin we found at 4 sites (6.2%), mostly in wet meadows and wetlands between 270 and 411 m a. s. l. mostly in lower abundances (<10 specimens/site). Only in one site (No. 11, Mirola wetland) we found very abundant population (>100 specimens/1000 m2). We did not found this species in Polish sites, in spite the species is there in wetlands relatively common (Bazyluk 1971, Bazyluk & Liana 2000).
Chorthippus pullus: This European species with pontic or angaric origin we found only in one Polish site (49), on denudated plots with sparse grassy vegetation nearby Liszna settlement (640 m a. s. l.). In Slovak study sites we could not find the species. It is species with specific habitat requirements, ripicol and terricol. In Slovakia it is very rare species found only in gravel banks and denudated, deforested plots along the creeks and rivers of Northern part of the country in 6 of 430 squares Slovak fauna Databank (see Krištín & Kaňuch 2015). In Poland it is more common species than in Slovakia, found in mentioned habitats in the entire country (Bazyluk & Liana 2000), also in SE Poland (Theuerkauf et al. 2005).
Stenobothrus nigromaculatus: This Eurosiberian and xerothermophilous species with pontic or angaric origin we found only in three Slovak xeric and mesic sites, between 185 and 235 m a. s. l. (17, 18, 23). All the sites are located in limestone areas and are the most northeastern sites of its distribution in Slovakia and everywhere we found only less than 10 adult specimens. It was found there in assemblage with e.g. Leptophyes discoidalis, Isophya stysi, Poecilimon schmidti, Phaneroptera nana, Oecanthus pellucens, Calliptamus italicus, etc. In Slovakia it is common and abundant species in several sites of Pannonian part of Slovakia, but the data on its distribution need updating. We could not find this species in Polish sites, because it is distributed there only in warmer lowland habitats (Bazyluk & Liana 2000).
Acknowledgement
We would like to appreciate the assistance with fieldwork provided by P. Tuček, M. Mikuš from IFE SAS Zvolen and A. Macková from Administration of the Protected Landscape Area Východné Karpaty. This study was supported by a grant of Scientific Grant Agency VEGA No. 2/0061/15.
References
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Table 1. Selected outputs of DCAs.
Axis |
Length of gradient (SD) |
Cumulative percentage variance of |
Total inertia |
||
species data |
species-environment relation |
||||
All species |
DCA1 |
2.474 |
11.4 |
38.4 |
2.465 |
DCA2 |
2.730 |
19.0 |
42.1 |
||
Ensifera, Mantodea |
DCA1 |
2.574 |
15.8 |
35.9 |
2.022 |
DCA2 |
2.452 |
27.2 |
49.9 |
||
Caelifera |
DCA1 |
3.369 |
14.3 |
16.2 |
2.778 |
DCA2 |
2.181 |
22.1 |
29.3 |
Table 2a. Occurrence of 55 Orthoptera and one mantid species at 65 studied sites of NE Slovakia and SE Poland (sites, see Methods and Fig. 1. (sites 1 – 33).
Abundance: 1 very rare – less than 3 individuals, 2 rare – 3–10 ind., 3 abundant – 11–100 ind., 4 very abundant – more than 100 ind., f% – frequency in 65 sites).
Species / Site |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
Barbitistes constrictus Br. Watt., 1878 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isophya stysi Čejchan, 1957 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||
Isophya kraussii Br. Watt., 1878 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isophya pienensis Mařan, 1954 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isophya posthumoidalis Bazyluk, 1971 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leptophyes albovittata Kollar, 1833 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
||||||
Leptophyes discoidalis Frivaldsky, 1867 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phaneroptera falcata Poda, 1761 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|||||||||
Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853 |
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Poecilimon schmidti Fieber, 1853 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Meconema thalassinum Degeer, 1773 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conocephalus fuscus Fabricius, 1793 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ruspolia nitidula Scopoli, 1786 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Decticus verrucivorus Linnaeus, 1958 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|||||||
Metrioptera bicolor Philippi, 1830 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metrioptera brachyptera Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metrioptera roeselii Hagenbach, 1822 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|||||
Pholidoptera aptera Fabricius, 1793 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pholidoptera transsylvanica Fischer, 1853 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pholidoptera griseoaptera Degeer, 1773 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
||||
Platycleis grisea Fabricius, 1781 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tettigonia cantans Fussli, 1775 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||
Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oecanthus pellucens Scopoli, 1763 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix bipunctata Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix subulata Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix tuerki Krauss, 1876 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix undulata Sowerby, 1806 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix tenuicornis Sahlberg, 1893 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Calliptamus italicus Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Odontopodisma rubripes Ramme, 1931 |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mecostethus parapleurus Hag.b., 1822 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oedipoda caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Psophus stridulus stridulus Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stethophyma grossum Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Euthystira brachyptera Ocskay, 1826 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
||||||
Gomphocerippus rufus Linnaeus, 1758 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus albomarginatus Degeer, 1773 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus apricarius Linnaeus, 1758 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus biguttulus Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||
Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg, 1815 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||
Chorthippus dorsatus Zetterstedt, 1821 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||||||||
Chorthippus montanus Charpentier, 1825 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus mollis Charpentier, 1825 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus oschei Helversen, 1986 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus parallelus Zetterstedt, 1821 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
||
Chorthippus pullus Phillipi, 1830 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus vagans Eversmann, 1848 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chrysochraon dispar Germar, 1834 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||||
Omocestus haemorrhoidalis Charpentier, 1825 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Omocestus viridulus Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Omocestus rufipes Zetterstedt, 1821 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stenobothrus lineatus Panzer, 1796 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
St. nigromaculatus Her.-Schaf., 1840 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ensifera |
5 |
7 |
5 |
4 |
0 |
6 |
7 |
4 |
3 |
7 |
7 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
11 |
6 |
15 |
14 |
6 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
13 |
14 |
10 |
6 |
8 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
5 |
9 |
8 |
Caelifera |
4 |
5 |
6 |
10 |
3 |
7 |
5 |
10 |
7 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
5 |
13 |
7 |
11 |
13 |
5 |
5 |
3 |
0 |
14 |
9 |
7 |
10 |
7 |
3 |
6 |
3 |
5 |
10 |
9 |
all species |
9 |
12 |
11 |
14 |
3 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
12 |
14 |
11 |
25 |
13 |
27 |
28 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
5 |
28 |
24 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
8 |
13 |
9 |
10 |
19 |
17 |
Table 2b. Occurrence of 55 Orthoptera and one mantid species at 65 studied sites of NE Slovakia and SE Poland (sites, see Methods and Fig. 1. (sites 34 – 65).
Abundance: 1 very rare – less than 3 individuals, 2 rare – 3–10 ind., 3 abundant – 11–100 ind., 4 very abundant – more than 100 ind., f% – frequency in 65 sites).
Species / Site |
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
38 |
39 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
43 |
44 |
45 |
46 |
47 |
48 |
49 |
50 |
51 |
52 |
53 |
54 |
55 |
56 |
57 |
58 |
59 |
60 |
61 |
62 |
63 |
64 |
65 |
f% |
Barbitistes constrictus Br. Watt., 1878 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
6.2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isophya stysi Čejchan, 1957 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
46.2 |
||||||||||||||||||
Isophya kraussii Br. Watt., 1878 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
9.2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isophya pienensis Mařan, 1954 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
7.7 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isophya posthumoidalis Bazyluk, 1971 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
16.9 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Leptophyes albovittata Kollar, 1833 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
70.8 |
|||||||||||||
Leptophyes discoidalis Frivaldsky, 1867 |
7.7 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phaneroptera falcata Poda, 1761 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
70.8 |
||||||||||
Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853 |
1 |
4.6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Poecilimon schmidti Fieber, 1853 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
30.8 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Meconema thalassinum Degeer, 1773 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
13.8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conocephalus fuscus Fabricius, 1793 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
13.8 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ruspolia nitidula Scopoli, 1786 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
10.8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Decticus verrucivorus Linnaeus, 1958 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
78.5 |
|||||||
Metrioptera bicolor Philippi, 1830 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
15.4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metrioptera brachyptera |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
10.8 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metrioptera roeselii Hagenbach, 1822 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
89.2 |
||
Pholidoptera aptera Fabricius, 1793 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
20.0 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Pholidoptera transsylvanica |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4.6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pholidoptera griseoaptera Degeer, 1773 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
87.7 |
||||
Platycleis grisea Fabricius, 1781 |
1 |
1 |
7.7 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tettigonia cantans Fussli, 1775 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
63.1 |
|||
Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
32.3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
20.0 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oecanthus pellucens Scopoli, 1763 |
1 |
3 |
9.2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix bipunctata Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
4.6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix subulata Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
6.2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix tuerki Krauss, 1876 |
3 |
1.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix undulata Sowerby, 1806 |
1 |
1.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tetrix tenuicornis Sahlberg, 1893 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
23.1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calliptamus italicus Linnaeus, 1758 |
3 |
4.6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Odontopodisma rubripes Ramme, 1931 |
2 |
3.1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mecostethus parapleurus Hag.b., 1822 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
18.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Oedipoda caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758 |
4.6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Psophus stridulus stridulus |
1 |
7.7 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stethophyma grossum Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
6.2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Euthystira brachyptera Ocskay, 1826 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
89.2 |
|
Gomphocerippus rufus Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
27.7 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus albomarginatus |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4.6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus apricarius Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
3 |
15.4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus biguttulus Linnaeus, 1758 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
55.4 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg, 1815 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
52.3 |
||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus dorsatus Zetterstedt, 1821 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
44.6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus montanus |
2 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
36.9 |
|||||||||||||||
Chorthippus mollis Charpentier, 1825 |
1.5 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus oschei Helversen, 1986 |
1 |
1.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus parallelus |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
95.4 |
|
Chorthippus pullus Phillipi, 1830 |
3 |
1.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chorthippus vagans Eversmann, 1848 |
1 |
1.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chrysochraon dispar Germar, 1834 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
78.5 |
||||
Omocestus haemorrhoidalis Charpentier, 1825 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
13.8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Omocestus viridulus Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
44.6 |
||||||||||||
Omocestus rufipes Zetterstedt, 1821 |
3.1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stenobothrus lineatus Panzer, 1796 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
35.4 |
|||||||||||||||||||
St. nigromaculatus Her.-Schaf., 1840 |
4.6 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, 1758 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
21.5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ensifera |
6 |
5 |
9 |
7 |
8 |
10 |
6 |
9 |
7 |
9 |
3 |
9 |
4 |
5 |
9 |
8 |
6 |
14 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
6 |
10 |
8 |
7 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
13 |
5 |
|
Caelifera |
4 |
3 |
13 |
4 |
6 |
6 |
4 |
8 |
10 |
13 |
7 |
7 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
8 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
9 |
7 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
9 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
10 |
|
all species |
10 |
8 |
22 |
12 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
18 |
17 |
23 |
10 |
16 |
9 |
12 |
15 |
16 |
10 |
20 |
13 |
19 |
18 |
13 |
19 |
16 |
12 |
16 |
15 |
19 |
12 |
14 |
19 |
15 |